| f | { | f | { |
| n | "author": "[{\"given_name\": \"Frank\", \"name\": \"Techel\", | n | "author": "[{\"affiliation\": \"WSL\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", |
| \"email\": \"techel@slf.ch\", \"data_credit\": [\"collection\", | | \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"data_credit\": [\"collection\", |
| \"validation\", \"curation\", \"publication\"], \"identifier\": | | \"validation\", \"curation\", \"publication\"], \"email\": |
| | | \"techel@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Frank\", \"identifier\": |
| \"0000-0001-5686-6127\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL\"}]", | | \"0000-0001-5686-6127\", \"name\": \"Techel\"}]", |
| "author_email": null, | | "author_email": null, |
| "creator_user_id": "5436b6ad-482c-47e6-95fd-f4ae2de64153", | | "creator_user_id": "5436b6ad-482c-47e6-95fd-f4ae2de64153", |
| n | "date": | n | "date": "[{\"date\": \"2001-09-01\", \"date_type\": \"created\", |
| "[{\"date_type\":\"creation\",\"date\":\"\",\"end_date\":\"\"}]", | | \"end_date\": \"2002-05-30\"}, {\"date\": \"2019-09-01\", |
| | | \"date_type\": \"created\", \"end_date\": \"2020-05-30\"}]", |
| "doi": "10.16904/envidat.426", | | "doi": "10.16904/envidat.426", |
| "funding": "[{\"grant_number\": \"\", \"institution\": \"WSL | | "funding": "[{\"grant_number\": \"\", \"institution\": \"WSL |
| Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos\", | | Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos\", |
| \"institution_url\": \"\"}]", | | \"institution_url\": \"\"}]", |
| "groups": [], | | "groups": [], |
| "id": "6fa1a7f9-dea0-4bf7-aa98-a9d5d1e41625", | | "id": "6fa1a7f9-dea0-4bf7-aa98-a9d5d1e41625", |
| "isopen": true, | | "isopen": true, |
| "language": "en", | | "language": "en", |
| "license_id": "cc-by-sa", | | "license_id": "cc-by-sa", |
| "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike | | "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike |
| (CC-BY-SA)", | | (CC-BY-SA)", |
| "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", | | "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", |
| n | "maintainer": | n | "maintainer": "{\"affiliation\": \"\", \"email\": \"techel@slf.ch\", |
| il\":\"techel@slf.ch\",\"given_name\":\"Frank\",\"name\":\"Techel\"}", | | \"given_name\": \"Frank\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": |
| | | \"Techel\"}", |
| "maintainer_email": null, | | "maintainer_email": null, |
| "metadata_created": "2022-07-28T14:01:27.572357", | | "metadata_created": "2022-07-28T14:01:27.572357", |
| n | "metadata_modified": "2023-08-01T15:16:42.880329", | n | "metadata_modified": "2023-08-04T09:41:20.330709", |
| "name": | | "name": |
| "re-analysed-regional-avalanche-danger-levels-in-switzerland", | | "re-analysed-regional-avalanche-danger-levels-in-switzerland", |
| "notes": "The data set contains the re-analyzed (or quality-checked) | | "notes": "The data set contains the re-analyzed (or quality-checked) |
| n | regional avalanche danger levels (D_QC) for Switzerland. \n\nD_QC | n | regional avalanche danger levels (D_QC) for Switzerland. \r\n\r\nD_QC |
| relates to dry-snow avalanche conditions only. Measuring the avalanche | | relates to dry-snow avalanche conditions only. Measuring the avalanche |
| danger level D is not possible; forecast, nowcast, and hindcast | | danger level D is not possible; forecast, nowcast, and hindcast |
| assessments of D are judgments by humans interpreting data. However, | | assessments of D are judgments by humans interpreting data. However, |
| combining several pieces of information indicating the same D, it can | | combining several pieces of information indicating the same D, it can |
| be expected that it is more likely that D_QC represents the avalanche | | be expected that it is more likely that D_QC represents the avalanche |
| n | conditions well. \n\nFor the **forecasting seasons 2001/2002 until | n | conditions well. \r\n\r\nFor the **forecasting seasons 2001/2002 until |
| 2019/2020**, the approach to obtain D_QC is described in detail in | | 2019/2020**, the approach to obtain D_QC is described in detail in |
| Appendix A of [P\u00e9rez-Guill\u00e9n et. al. | | Appendix A of [P\u00e9rez-Guill\u00e9n et. al. |
| n | .copernicus.org/articles/22/2031/2022/nhess-22-2031-2022.html).\n\nFor | n | ernicus.org/articles/22/2031/2022/nhess-22-2031-2022.html).\r\n\r\nFor |
| the **forecasting seasons 2020/2021 and later**, D_QC is derived using | | the **forecasting seasons 2020/2021 and later**, D_QC is derived using |
| n | the following approach:\n1. *Combination of forecast (D_forecast) and | n | the following approach:\r\n1. *Combination of forecast (D_forecast) |
| nowcast (D_nowcast)*: If there was only one assessment available by an | | and nowcast (D_nowcast)*: If there was only one assessment available |
| observer after a day in the field for a region, and if D_forecast = | | by an observer after a day in the field for a region, and if |
| D_nowcast --> D_QC = D_forecast. \n2. *Combination of several nowcast | | D_forecast = D_nowcast --> D_QC = D_forecast. \r\n2. *Combination of |
| assessments (D_nowcast)*: If two (or more) observers agreed (or | | several nowcast assessments (D_nowcast)*: If two (or more) observers |
| majority opinion) in their (independent) assessments of D_nowcast | | agreed (or majority opinion) in their (independent) assessments of |
| after a day in the field in the same warning region. --> D_QC = | | D_nowcast after a day in the field in the same warning region. --> |
| D_nowcast. \n3. *Hindcast analysis (D_hindcast)*: In Switzerland, | | D_QC = D_nowcast. \r\n3. *Hindcast analysis (D_hindcast)*: In |
| avalanche forecasters re-evaluate all situations when D = 4 (high) or | | Switzerland, avalanche forecasters re-evaluate all situations when D = |
| D = 5 (very high) were either forecast, should have been forecast, or | | 4 (high) or D = 5 (very high) were either forecast, should have been |
| when forecasters discussed given one of these two levels but had not | | forecast, or when forecasters discussed given one of these two levels |
| given them. Generally, two forecasters assess each situation. In these | | but had not given them. Generally, two forecasters assess each |
| cases, D_QC = D_hindcast. The hindcast analysis, only available since | | situation. In these cases, D_QC = D_hindcast. The hindcast analysis, |
| the forecasting season 2020/2021, replaces what was step (2) in | | only available since the forecasting season 2020/2021, replaces what |
| Appendix A of [P\u00e9rez-Guill\u00e9n et. al. | | was step (2) in Appendix A of [P\u00e9rez-Guill\u00e9n et. al. |
| //nhess.copernicus.org/articles/22/2031/2022/nhess-22-2031-2022.html). | | //nhess.copernicus.org/articles/22/2031/2022/nhess-22-2031-2022.html). |
| n | \n\nAll other cases - ties in case of (1) or (2), no new information | n | \r\n\r\nAll other cases - ties in case of (1) or (2), no new |
| from the warning region in question, or if no D_hindcast was available | | information from the warning region in question, or if no D_hindcast |
| - are not considered quality-checked, and are, thus, not contained in | | was available - are not considered quality-checked, and are, thus, not |
| the data set.\n\nIn addition to D_QC, the file contains information on | | contained in the data set.\r\n\r\nIn addition to D_QC, the file |
| the elevation and aspect, where D_QC likely prevails.\n- The indicated | | contains information on the elevation and aspect, where D_QC likely |
| elevation is the mean of the respective elevations in (1), (2), or | | prevails.\r\n- The indicated elevation is the mean of the respective |
| (3). At danger level 1 (low), when no elevation is indicated in the | | elevations in (1), (2), or (3). At danger level 1 (low), when no |
| Swiss forecast, a value of 1500 m is set.\n- For the four cardinal | | elevation is indicated in the Swiss forecast, a value of 1500 m is |
| aspects N, E, S, and W, a value of 1 means that there was agreement | | set.\r\n- For the four cardinal aspects N, E, S, and W, a value of 1 |
| that D was reached in this aspect and a value of 0 means that there | | means that there was agreement that D was reached in this aspect and a |
| was agreement that D was not reached in this aspect. Intermediate | | value of 0 means that there was agreement that D was not reached in |
| values correspondingly mark disagreements in the assessments.", | | this aspect. Intermediate values correspondingly mark disagreements in |
| | | the assessments.", |
| "num_resources": 2, | | "num_resources": 2, |
| "num_tags": 5, | | "num_tags": 5, |
| "organization": { | | "organization": { |
| "approval_status": "approved", | | "approval_status": "approved", |
| "created": "2016-05-24T16:15:21.861195", | | "created": "2016-05-24T16:15:21.861195", |
| "description": "This research unit investigates the formation and | | "description": "This research unit investigates the formation and |
| dynamics of avalanches in order to improve the forecasting of when and | | dynamics of avalanches in order to improve the forecasting of when and |
| where avalanche events are likely to occur and their effects. It | | where avalanche events are likely to occur and their effects. It |
| engages in process modelling based on laboratory experiments and field | | engages in process modelling based on laboratory experiments and field |
| investigations.\r\n\r\nOn behalf of the government, it also operates | | investigations.\r\n\r\nOn behalf of the government, it also operates |
| the Swiss avalanche warning service. The avalanche bulletin provides | | the Swiss avalanche warning service. The avalanche bulletin provides |
| information concerning the current avalanche situation and warns the | | information concerning the current avalanche situation and warns the |
| public about the avalanche danger. The data underlying the service is | | public about the avalanche danger. The data underlying the service is |
| delivered by an extensive network of observers and automatic measuring | | delivered by an extensive network of observers and automatic measuring |
| stations. The avalanches and prevention unit develops warning and | | stations. The avalanches and prevention unit develops warning and |
| information systems for public authorities and local emergency | | information systems for public authorities and local emergency |
| services.\r\n\r\nAmong other key duties, the unit provides advice on | | services.\r\n\r\nAmong other key duties, the unit provides advice on |
| practical aspects of avalanche protection, and develops methods for | | practical aspects of avalanche protection, and develops methods for |
| the risk-based management of natural hazards. The latest research and | | the risk-based management of natural hazards. The latest research and |
| development findings are continuously being translated into practice | | development findings are continuously being translated into practice |
| and used in the unit's intensive teaching and training | | and used in the unit's intensive teaching and training |
| activities.\r\n\r\nIt works closely together with other SLF research | | activities.\r\n\r\nIt works closely together with other SLF research |
| units and partners in Switzerland and abroad. These include national | | units and partners in Switzerland and abroad. These include national |
| and international research establishments, cantonal and federal | | and international research establishments, cantonal and federal |
| authorities, as well as industry, associations, and agencies | | authorities, as well as industry, associations, and agencies |
| responsible for public safety and tourism.", | | responsible for public safety and tourism.", |
| "id": "a17b145f-2191-4c21-aabf-55661d5cb140", | | "id": "a17b145f-2191-4c21-aabf-55661d5cb140", |
| "image_url": "2016-05-24-141521.837240logoslf.png", | | "image_url": "2016-05-24-141521.837240logoslf.png", |
| "is_organization": true, | | "is_organization": true, |
| "name": "slf-snow-avalanches-and-prevention", | | "name": "slf-snow-avalanches-and-prevention", |
| "state": "active", | | "state": "active", |
| "title": "Snow Avalanches and Prevention", | | "title": "Snow Avalanches and Prevention", |
| "type": "organization" | | "type": "organization" |
| }, | | }, |
| "owner_org": "a17b145f-2191-4c21-aabf-55661d5cb140", | | "owner_org": "a17b145f-2191-4c21-aabf-55661d5cb140", |
| "private": false, | | "private": false, |
| n | "publication": | n | "publication": "{\"publication_year\": \"2023\", \"publisher\": |
| "{\"publisher\":\"EnviDat\",\"publication_year\":\"2023\"}", | | \"EnviDat\"}", |
| "publication_state": "approved", | | "publication_state": "approved", |
| "related_datasets": "1. P\u00e9rez-Guill\u00e9n, Cristina; Techel, | | "related_datasets": "1. P\u00e9rez-Guill\u00e9n, Cristina; Techel, |
| Frank; Hendrick, Martin; Volpi, Michele; van Herwijnen, Alec; Olevski, | | Frank; Hendrick, Martin; Volpi, Michele; van Herwijnen, Alec; Olevski, |
| Tasko; Obozinski, Guillaume; P\u00e9rez-Cruz, Fernando; Schweizer, | | Tasko; Obozinski, Guillaume; P\u00e9rez-Cruz, Fernando; Schweizer, |
| J\u00fcrg (2022). Weather, snowpack and danger ratings data for | | J\u00fcrg (2022). Weather, snowpack and danger ratings data for |
| automated avalanche danger level predictions. EnviDat. | | automated avalanche danger level predictions. EnviDat. |
| n | doi:10.16904/envidat.330. \n2. Mayer, S., Techel, F. (2023). Data set | n | doi:10.16904/envidat.330. \r\n2. Mayer, S., Techel, F. (2023). Data |
| for prediction of natural dry-snow avalanche activity and avalanche | | set for prediction of natural dry-snow avalanche activity and |
| size using physics-based snowpack simulations. EnviDat. | | avalanche size using physics-based snowpack simulations. EnviDat. |
| https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.425.\n", | | https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.425.\r\n", |
| "related_publications": "1. P\u00e9rez-Guill\u00e9n, C., Techel, F., | | "related_publications": "1. P\u00e9rez-Guill\u00e9n, C., Techel, F., |
| Hendrick, M., Volpi, M., van Herwijnen, A., Olevski, T., Obozinski, | | Hendrick, M., Volpi, M., van Herwijnen, A., Olevski, T., Obozinski, |
| G., P\u00e9rez-Cruz, F., and Schweizer, J.: Data-driven automated | | G., P\u00e9rez-Cruz, F., and Schweizer, J.: Data-driven automated |
| predictions of the avalanche danger level for dry-snow conditions in | | predictions of the avalanche danger level for dry-snow conditions in |
| Switzerland, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2031\u20132056, | | Switzerland, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2031\u20132056, |
| n | https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2031-2022, 2022. \n2. Mayer, S. I., | n | https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2031-2022, 2022. \r\n2. Mayer, S. I., |
| Techel, F., Schweizer, J., and van Herwijnen, A.: Prediction of | | Techel, F., Schweizer, J., and van Herwijnen, A.: Prediction of |
| natural dry-snow avalanche activity using physics-based snowpack | | natural dry-snow avalanche activity using physics-based snowpack |
| simulations, EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-646, | | simulations, EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-646, |
| 2023.", | | 2023.", |
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| "resource_type_general": "dataset", | | "resource_type_general": "dataset", |
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| "description": "D_QC for forecasting seasons 2020/2021 - | | "description": "D_QC for forecasting seasons 2020/2021 - |
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| "spatial_info": "Switzerland", | | "spatial_info": "Switzerland", |
| t | "state": "draft", | t | "state": "active", |
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| { | | { |
| "display_name": "AVALANCHE BULLETIN", | | "display_name": "AVALANCHE BULLETIN", |
| "id": "58047632-8db3-443d-95c8-fcf09b0706fd", | | "id": "58047632-8db3-443d-95c8-fcf09b0706fd", |
| "name": "AVALANCHE BULLETIN", | | "name": "AVALANCHE BULLETIN", |
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| "title": "Re-analyzed regional avalanche danger levels in | | "title": "Re-analyzed regional avalanche danger levels in |
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| "type": "dataset", | | "type": "dataset", |
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Administrator: